Secretário-geral da IAACA e membro da Procuradoria Suprema da República Popular da China envia manifesto de apoio ao poder investigatório do MP. O secretário-geral da International Association of Anti-Corruption Authorities (IAACA) – Associação Internacional de Autoridades Anticorrupção -, e membro da Procuradoria Suprema da República Popular da China, Ye Feng, enviou manifesto de apoio ao poder investigatório do MP, por intermédio do promotor de Justiça do Ministério Público do Estado do Ceará e ex-presidente da Associação Cearense do Ministério Público (ACMP), Manuel Pinheiro Freitas.
A IAACA é uma organização que foi criada a partir da reunião dos Chefes de Estado e de Governo ocorrida em Mérida (México), em dezembro de 2003, com a finalidade de assinar a Convenção das Nações Unidas contra a Corrupção.
Com a autoridade de secretário-geral de uma organização multilateral que acompanha a execução da Convenção da ONU contra a corrupção, Ye Feng, que também é vice-presidente da International Association of Prosecutors (IAP) por representação da Ásia, discorre sobre a importância da participação direta dos procuradores e promotores nas investigações criminais em diversas jurisdições nacionais (Estados Unidos da América, Reino Unido, Alemanha, França, Itália, China, Japão e Coréia do Sul).
Ye Feng também discorre sobre as previsões relativas ao poder investigatório criminal dos procuradores e promotores em quatro importantes convenções internacionais que foram adotadas por iniciativa da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) [o Protocolo de Istambul (prevenção e repressão da tortura e outras violações de Direitos Humanos), a Convenção de Mérida (combate à corrupção), a Convenção de Palermo (combate às organizações criminosas transnacionais) e as Diretrizes de Havana (sobre o papel e status dos Procuradores/Promotores)].
Confira abaixo o documento na íntegra:
Mr. OSWALDO TRIGUEIRO DO VALE FILHO
President of the National Council of Attorneys General –
Conselho Nacional dos Procuradores Gerais dos Estados e da União
Rua Rodrigues de Aquino. s/n. 3º andar. Centro – PC 58013-030 –
João Pessoa/PB
Brasil
5 April 2013
Dear Mr. President,
Thank you very much for your email dated 30 March 2013 inviting me to participate in a public session that will discuss the possible negative consequences of the approval of the PEC 37/2011 next 24th April 2013, 11:00 a.m., at the National Congress in Brasília, the Federal Capital. I am honored and appreciated. However, I am sorry to inform you that I can not possibly make it due to a previous commitment.
I am writing this letter in my capacity as Secretary General of the International Association of Anti-Corruption Authorities and Vice President of International Association of Prosecutors to share with you some of my opinions on the role of prosecutors in conducting criminal investigations.
Nowadays, prosecutors are authorized to conduct criminal investigations is more prevalent in most countries of the world no matter civil law or common law system. Actually prosecutors are tasked with criminal investigation authorities has become an international practice.
According to my knowledge, the legal basis for prosecutors tasked with criminal investigations may be summarized as the following:
1. Domestic laws and International conventions
In many countries, prosecutors are authorized to conduct criminal investigations are stipulated in its domestic laws such as constitutional law, criminal law or criminal procedure law or even some practitioners standards. For instance, in the United States, although most criminal investigations are conducted by police or federal investigation bureau, however, American Bar Association Standards for Criminal Justice—Prosecutorial Investigations authorize the prosecutors to conduct some supplementary investigations so as to make sure the criminal case being prosecuted impartially and prosecutors are authorized to conduct investigations in corruption cases. In the UK, although most of criminal cases are investigated by the police, the prosecutors can also conduct some investigations to the most severe criminal cases. In Germany and France, the Criminal Procedure Code authorizes prosecutors with the power both to conduct criminal investigations or direct the police to conduct criminal investigations. In China, the Constitutional Law and Criminal Procedure Law empower prosecutors to conduct supplementary investigations to general criminal cases and conduct direct investigations to corruption, human rights infringement and dereliction of duty. We can also easily find similar cases in Italy, Japan and South Korea etc. Further more, international conventions also authorize prosecutors to conduct criminal investigations. Besides the Istanbul Protocol – Arts. 2 and 3.b, the UNCAC, Merida Convention, Arts. 39.1, and 48.1.a. – Palermo Convention, Arts. 27.1, a and d, and 29.1, I would like to draw your attention to the Guidelines on the Role of Prosecutors, Eighth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Havana, 27 August to 7 September 1990, in its article 15, it stipulated that“Prosecutors shall give due attention to the prosecution of crimes committed by public officials, particularly corruption, abuse of power, grave violations of human rights and other crimes recognized by international law and, where authorized by law or consistent with local practice, the investigation of such offences”.
2. The checks and balances between prosecutors and police
The system of checks and balances is a part of Constitution in many countries. It guarantees that no part of the government becomes too powerful. If exclusive power for conduct criminal investigations were given to the police, and moved away from the Public Prosecution, the police will become too powerful to be supervised. It may easily lead to another corruption in the end. However, some power for criminal investigations such as investigations into corruption cases remained to prosecutors may constitute a system of checks and balances.
3. Criminal investigations are follow-ups of public prosecutions
Nowadays, prosecutors are tasked with public prosecutions is a common international practice in all over the world. But, the problem is how to initiate a successful public prosecution without the power of criminal investigations. Prosecutors need to find the whole truth of the case before he can initiate a public prosecution against the criminal case. In this case, the role of prosecutors decides that they need to conduct criminal investigations rather than they like to conduct criminal investigations. Actually, it is prevalently accepted that criminal investigations are follow-ups of public prosecutions. So in many countries, prosecutors are authorized to conduct supplementary investigations to criminal cases, such as the USA and China etc.
I am content that this letter may be shared with those who have an interest in this matter and that it can be made public if required.
With my warmest regards,
Ye Feng
Secretary General of International Association of Anti-Corruption Authorities
Vice President of International Association of Prosecutors
Member of Prosecuting Committee of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate of China
Leia também: Deputados federais do Tocantins apoiam MP contra a PEC 37
Fonte: Conamp